Urethral stricture; etiology, presentation, complications, and outcome of management at Gezira state, central Sudan

The objective is to evaluate urethral strictures in term of etiological factors, presentations and management at GHRDS, Gezira State, Central Sudan. One hundred sixty patients, who were diagnosed as urethral stricture, were enrolled in this study. All patients were dealt with through a scientific stratum of a thorough work up and managed according to the EAU guidelines. The bio-data, etiological factors of strictures, presenting symptoms and signs, the pathological types and modalities of treatment were recorded and analyzed. The total number of patients was 160, only two females and the rest were males. The mean age was 46.2 +/- 2 years. The etiological factors were: post-surgical in 67 patients [41.9%], gonococcal urethritis in 48 patients [30%] followed by post traumatic stricture in 28 patients [17.5%]. Concerning the sites 41 [25.6%] patients had bulbar urethral stricture and 24 [15%] with membranous urethra strictures. One hundred forty two [88.8%] patients were treated with visual internal urethrotomy [VIU] and the outcome of treatment was comparable to the literature. The commonest etiological factors for urethral strictures in GHRDS were post-surgery followed by gonococcal urethritis. The outcome of management was comparable

[Evaluation of different techniques for vaginoplasty in the treatment of the syndrome of Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser]

Rokitansky syndrome is an utero-vaginal aplasia with a frequency of 1 / 5000 female births. To correct this anomaly whose prognosis is mainly functional and psychological numerous surgical techniques have been described. To report our experience about 13 patients with Rokitansky syndrome and having benefited from a vaginoplasty between 1993 and 2008 and to evaluate the results of the various anatomical techniques. This is a retrospective study of 13 patients who underwent a vaginoplasty in the center of maternity and neonatal units, over a period from December 1993 to April 2008. During this period, two operative techniques were used: the technique of Mac-Indoe and the technique of Davydov. The mean age at the time of surgery was 22 years [15 years-32 years]. In 6 patients operated using the technique of Davydov the average depth of neovagina was 6.83 cm, one treatment failure was noted. Among the 7 patients operated using the technique of Mac Indoe the average length of neovagina was 7 cm, 3 treatment failures were noted. It was noted that there was no failure of the anatomical results in patients who have had regular sex after surgery. It was noted that there was failure of the anatomical result in 4 of 9 patients who did not have sexual intercourse after the procedure regardless of the technique used, a failure rate of 44%.The choice of technique will be based on the experience of the teams as each technique has similar anatomical and functional results in the literature. Both anatomical and functional, the main factor that determines the success of treatment seems to be the motivation of the patient to have a married life and sexual relationship

[Fibroid and pregnancy: the complications]

To study the maternal and fetal morbidity in the association fibroid and pregnancy and the management in this case. A retrospective study of 80 cases of fibroids associated to pregnancy. These cases were taken from the department "C" of gynecology and obstetrics in the center of maternity and neonatology of Tunis. We studied 80 cases of fibroid associated to pregnancy in our study. The mean age of the patients was 32 years old. 45% of the patients were primipares. The interstitial fibroids [68%] are the most frequent. The average number of fibroid is 1, 7 in each pregnancy. The aseptic necrobiosis is the most frequent complication of the fibroid whereas for the mother the main complications are the premature delivery, the premature rupture of membranes and the placenta praevia during the third term of pregnancy. The dystocic presentations are more frequent than in the general population, responsible of a higher rate of caesarian sections. The delivery hemorrhage constitutes the most frequent complication of the post partum. The fetal prognosis is globally good with a morbidity dominated by growth restrictions but with no superior mortality rate. The myomectomy was practiced during the caesarian section in 3 cases, the abstention being the rule for the other patients. The association fibroid and pregnancy is not rare, the complications are frequent that is why it is considered as a high risk pregnancy. An early detection of the complications and a prevention of delivery hemorrhage would reduce the maternal and fetal morbidity

Fine-wire localizations in Nnon palpable breast lesions

Breast cancer represents a major health problem in Tunisia. Mammography allows screening and early diagnosis of breast cancer. The Harpoon allows the location of these small lesions in order to have a histological study and to adapt the management. Aim: To demonstrate on one hand, the feasibility and the safeness of the fine-wire localizations of breast lesions due to the collaboration of radiologists and gynecologists, and on the other hand, to show the possibility of outpatient management in these cases. Our study is a retrospective study reporting 45 patients who had fine wire breast lesion localization, in the department [C] of the center of maternity and neonatology of Tunis, during a period of 5 years and a half. The rate of malignant lesions was 22.4% among the patients who had screening mammographies with nine breast cancers among which two bifocal. The rate of in situ cancer was 33.3% and invasive cancers 66.6% allowing a less aggressive treatment of a third of the patients. The 38 patients were taken in charge in ambulatory reducing the cost of hospitalization. In our series, we didn't have any complication during the insertion of the harpoon. Fine wire breast lesion localization with harpoon is an easy elegant method, under expert hands, allowing a rapid diagnosis compulsory in breast cancers

Retropublic prostatectomy in 96 patients in Soba university hospital

Retropubic prostatectomy [RPP], is a good treatment option for men with symptomatic bladder outlet obstruction caused by large size prostate. To determine the intraoperative, early and late postoperative complications of retropubic prostatectomy. This is a retrospective, small-scale hospital based study conducted in Soba University Hospital, Sudan. We include 96 patients, from Jan 2003 to Jan 2008 who underwent RPP. The mortality rate was zero. Retrograde ejaculation in 50.1%, clot retention due to catheter block in 36.5% and transient urinary incontinence in 24%, all were improved within the first three months postoperatively and intraoperative bleeding was reported in 9 patients [10%]. Erectile dysfunction in 7.5%, wound infection in 6.3%, urethral stricture in 5.2%, urine leakage in 4.2% and injury to adjacent structures [peritoneum-bowel] was not reported. The complications of retropubic prostatectomy in Soba Hospital was found to be comparable to the literature

[Management of liver disease during pregnancy]

Several liver diseases can be observed during pregnancy. Some are proper to pregnancy and others are not. To study and to analyze the different liver diseases encountered during pregnancy and describe their management. Retrospective study of 97 patients having a liver disease during their pregnancy, the cases were managed in the department "C" of obstetrics and newborn of Tunis. The prevalence of hepatopathy associated to pregnancy was 1.61 in our study. The mean term was 35 weeks of amenorrhea. 45% of labors were induced prematurily. 21 patients were transferred to intensive care unit after delivery due to the severity of their pathology. No maternal death was noted. The better comprehension of physiopathology of this association can help to improve the patients care

[Borderline tumors: diagnosis and management: about 10 cases]

Since their discovery in 1929 by Taylor border tumors of the ovary, also known as borderline tumor [TOLM] inspired confusion, apprehension and disagreement. Identify epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic particularities of borderline tumors of the ovary.-Study the different surgical approaches for borderline tumors of the ovary.-Assess the value of frozen section in this pathology. This is a retrospective study of 10 patients operated for borderline tumor of the ovary and collected at the department C of the center of maternity and newborn in Tunis. The average age of our patients was 35.6 years Pelvic pain was the main circumstance of discovery, it accounted for 50% of the cases. The discovery was fortuitous in 40% of the cases Ultrasound has shown purely cystic tumors in 70% of cases and solido-cystic ones in 30% of cases. There was a tumor in the controlateral ovary in only one case. The surgery was conservative whenever possible. Histological examination concluded to 6 cases of serous tumor and 4 cases of mucinous ones. Among the 10 patients, 8 were classified as stage la, one stage Ib and one stage Ic. The frozen section was performed in 8 cases. The diagnosis of borderlines tumors of the ovary remains difficult. The laparoscopy is of great use in the management of this pathology. Histological examination is an interesting addition and the conservative treatment is the more appropriate treatment

[Perigenital hematoma: diagnosis and management]

Discuss the clinical aspects and the management of pcrigenital hematoina, a rare complication of delivery that can engage the vital prognosis. We report 4 cases of pen-genital hematomax recorded in the department C of obstetrics and gynecology, in the maternity center of Tunis. In two cases, the patients had only medical treatment and in the two others arterial embolisation was performed. The diagnosis is evoked in front of an unexplained hemorrhagic choc with perineal pain. Upon diagnosis, the patient must be rapidly managed associating resuscitation, surgcry and angiographic embotisation

[Prognosis of delivery on a scar womb: about 123 cases]

During these last two decades, the practitioners are more and more confronted to pregnancies on scar womb. To analyse the behaviour to be held in front of a scar womb and to estimate materno-foetal preview after childbirth [delivery] by vaginal delivery or after a caesarean section at cold. It is about a retrospective study held over 123 cases of patients with a scar womb who gave birth in the department "C" of the CMNT over a period of 2 years. Among the 123 cases of scar womb, 70 patients had a preventive caesarean section. The main indication was a pathological pond. Uterine scar was accepted in 53 women. 25 among them gave birth by vaginal tract and 28 had a casarien section of 2nd intention. There were 4 cases of dehiscence of the scar. 8% of the newborns from vaginal delivery had an apgar < 7 in the 5th mn against [10% in the group of the newborn children stemming from a preventive caesaran-section. Pregnancy on scar womb is a pregnancy at high risk requiring an adapted coverage

[Management of ovarian cyst associated to pregnancy]

The problem of the association of the ovarian cyst and pregnancy is to determine whether the cyst is functional or organic? To draw up the epidemiological profile of the patients having a cyst of the ovary, show the peculiarities of this association; and to clarify the therapeutic methods and its effects on the progress of the pregnancy. A retrospective study concerning a period of 5 years and interesting 25 patients. The average age of the patients was of 34 years, the average parity was of 2. The discovery of the cyst was in 68%of cases in the first 3 months. On the clinical plan the circumstances of discovery were pelvic pains in 48%of cases and complications in 6%of cases ; such us twisting of the cyst.. 61%of the patients had a laparoscopy, 44%a laparotomy and a case of guided ultrasound punction, 4%of the patients underwent a pregnancy interruption, 17 pregnancies were led till the end, we noted an intrauterine death of the foetus and a case of late abortion at 22SA. Problems due to the association of the ovarian cyst and pregnancy are especially of diagnostic and therapeutic order. Obsession was to underestimate a malignant tumour; that's why we should perform a surgical investigation in front of any persevering cyst beyond the first three months of the pregnancy

[Hemorrhage delivery: about 65 cases]

The delivery haemorrhage is actually a problem of public health. It is responsible of 31.5% of the maternal death in Tunisia. The goal of this work is to study the frequency of this complication, its gravity, its risk factors, its etiologists and its methods of treatment. It is a retrospective study, of 65 cases of delivery haemorrhage recorded to the obstetric gynaecology service < C > of the centre of motherhood and neonatology of Tunis during 4 years. The frequency of the delivery haemorrhage in our study is 1.19%. The middle age of the patient is of 31 years. Their middle parity is 2.4. Factors of risk taking out again our set are: gestational toxemia [35.4%]. primiparity [33.8%], advanced maternal age [30.7%]. pre-existent anaemia [24.6%]. the uterine surdistension [21.3%], an abnormal middle length of labour [69.6%]. use of oxytocin during labour [34%]. induction [21.5%]. Etiologists in our set are atone in 63% of cases, retained placenta in 31.2% des cases, coagulopathie [9.2%], placenta previa [1.5%], uterine inversion [1.5%]. The hold must be in charge multidisciplinary, systematized, precocious and dynamic

[Coelioscopy in gynecologic emergencies. About 239 cases]

The goal of this study was to determine the efficiency of lapaorscopy as method of diagnosis and treatment of gynecologic emergencie. A laparoscopy was performed in two hundred and thirty-nine patients who presented in emergency with signs like acute pelvic pain, uterine bleeding or fever. Diagnosis and treatment are presented in a retrospective study. The median patient age was 30.4 years and median parity was 14, sonography was performed in all patients and bHCG rate was positive in 101 patients. The most suspected diagnosis was ectopic pregnancy [42%] followed by complicated cysts [30%] and high genital infections [27%] At laparoscopy 92 cases of ectopic pregnancy, 66 cysts complicated or not and 47 high genital infections were found. Laparoscopy didn't show any evident pathology in 6.6% of patients. We didn't note any anesthesial or surgical complication. Laparoscopy for gynecologic emergencies can be satisfactorily performed in the majority of patients, regardingly to low fiability of usual diagnostic methods. It is useful for diagnosis and treatment. The rate of it's overall complications is relatively low

[Emergency embolisation in gynaecological bleeding. two case reports]

Two patients with gynaecological hemorrhage underwent successfully trans-arterial embolization. The first woman had an uncontrollable perineal hemorrhage following a delivery with forceps. Angiography showed extravasation of contrast from right and left vaginal artery. Hyperselective embolisation stopped the vaginal bleeding. The second woman had massive hemorrhage following radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Angiography demonstrated extravasation of contrast from both uterine arteries. The bleeding was controlled after hyperselective embolisation. Emergency arterial embolisation is a safe and effective means of control of irrepressible genital hemorrhage

[ value of ambulatory hysteroscopy diagnostic. About 292 cases]

This is a retrospective study including 292 ambulatory diagnostic hyst‚roscopies realised during a period of 1 year and a half. The mid age of our patients is 44 years. The main indications are haemorrhage, infertility and abnormal ultrasound findings. The exams are carried out under analgesia. Its sensibility is good concerning the endom‚trial pathology. As a matter of fact, it equals 100% for ad‚nocarcinomas, it varies from 56.5 to 77.3% for hyperplasia, 100% for endom‚trial polyps and from 88 to 90% for endom‚trial atrophy. In contrast, it is worse for the myometrial pathology such as ad‚nomyose and sub mucosal myomas. Besides its sensibility, the tolerance of this exam allows its ambulatory realisation permitting a considerable economy

[Aspects foetopathologiques de 97 cas d'anencephalie: etude du CMNR Tunis]

So, the epidemiologic study done for 8 years at CMNR Tunis has shown that the incidence is 1,15%o births [between 0,52 and 1,66%o per year]. This anomaly is more frequent in Female sex [sex linked = 0,59]. The antenatal echographic diagnosis is efficient in 90,5%. This anomaly is more shown at low socio-economic group. The improvement of the socio-economic level and specially the daily uptake of acid folic in periconceptionnel time decrease the frequency of this congenital malformation

[Foetopathology study: 88 cases of spina bifida]

Letal spina bifida continue to be frequent in Tunisia; we report 88 cases of letal spina bifida 1,05 per thousand births. This pathology was more frequent with women. The up letal spina bifida situated is predominant with female and the dow spina bifida situated is frequent with male. We have noted an association with anencephalia [46 cases] and hydrocephaly [21 cases]. Prevention is based on obstetric health care and hygieno dietetic advices to avoid alimentary deficit